15 August 2002. ------------------------- "An Axis can't have more than three countries," explained Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. "This is not my rule, it's tradition. In World War II you had Germany, Italy, and Japan in the evil Axis. So you can only have three. And a secret handshake. Ours is wicked cool."[1] President Bush's recent assertion that North Korea, Iraq and Iran form an "Axis of Evil"[2] was more than a calculated political act -- it was also an imaginatively formal, geometric one, which had the effect of erecting a monumental, virtual, globe-spanning triangle. Axis is an online tool intended to broaden opportunities for similar kinds of Axis creation. It allows its participant to connect any three points in space [countries] into a new Axis of his or her own design. With the help of multidimensional statistical metrics culled from international public databases[3], the commonalities amongst the user's choices are revealed. In this manner, Axis presents an inversion of Bush's praxis, obtaining lexico-political meaning from the formal act of spatial selection. ------------------------- References: [1] "Angered by Snubbing, Libya, China, Syria Form 'Axis of Just as Evil'". SatireWire, 1/30/2002. http://www.satirewire.com/news/jan02/axis.shtml [2] "In Speech, Bush Calls Iraq, Iran and North Korea 'Axis of Evil'". State of the Union Address, 1/29/2002. [3] The databases referenced in this project are listed at the end of this document. ------------------------- Acknowledgements: Thanks to Christiane Paul and the Whitney Museum for initiating and sponsoring Axis. Andrea Boykowycz generously researched and prepared the database materials for this project. Additional thanks to Tanya Bezreh and Zachary Lieberman for enjoyable brainstorming. The map used in Axis was created with Tony Steinke's excellent online MapMaker. ------------------------- Caveats: For practical reasons of display, some countries whose areas are less than 50000 square km do not appear in Axis. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used in Axis do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the author or publisher concerning the legal status of any country or territory of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Although we have tried our best to document all possible Axes, our data indicates that not all threesomes of countries have yet completed their Axis registration form. Thus only approximately half of the 6 million possible Axes are displayable at this time. */ import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; import java.awt.image.*; public class AxisApplet extends Applet implements Runnable { //----------------- // Declaration of variables. // See end of document for inlined database. Thread appletThread = null; boolean stopThreadP = false; int csrX, csrY; int iter = 0; FontMetrics fm,fa; String axisStr = ""; String ctryStr = ""; String liteStr = ""; String axisStr2= ""; char iCh[] = new char[3]; boolean doText = true; Font axisFont = new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 11); Font ctryFont = new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD, 14); Font liteFont = new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 12); Color colb = new Color(102,102,102); Color col1 = new Color(72,72,72); Color col2 = new Color(60,60,60); Color colu; final int FF = 255; final int BASE = 72; final int PDEC = 8; final int MIN_SLEEP = 11; final int MAX_PLAY_TIME = 19; final int NCOL = 256; final int NBIT = 8; final int IW = 919; final int IH = 476; final int IY = 64; final int APP_W = 919; final int APP_H = IH+IY; final int NPELS = IW*IH; final int AXI_W = APP_W*2/3; final int GC_FREQ = 120; Image displayArea, srcImg, dstImg; MediaTracker tracker; PixelGrabber grabber; MemoryImageSource mis; IndexColorModel pal; boolean loadedSrc = false; boolean filtered = false; byte srcArray[]; int csrIndex = 0; byte palr[]; byte palg[]; byte palb[]; byte curr[]; byte curg[]; byte curb[]; int whichSel[]; int highlites[]; int curCtryID; int bx,by,bw,bh; float bxf,byf,bxa,bxb,bya,byb; //----------------- // Initialization of variables. public void init(){ resize (APP_W, APP_H); displayArea = createImage (APP_W, APP_H); srcImg = createImage (APP_W, APP_H); dstImg = createImage (APP_W, APP_H); srcArray = new byte[APP_W*APP_H]; tracker = new MediaTracker(this); prepareImaging("world.gif"); fm = this.getFontMetrics(liteFont); fa = this.getFontMetrics(axisFont); curCtryID = 0; whichSel = new int[3]; highlites = new int[nCountries]; for (int i=0; i<3; i++){ whichSel[i]=-1;} for (int i=0; i<nCountries; i++){ highlites[i] = 0;} bxf=APP_W/2; byf=APP_H/2; bxa=0.36f; bxb=1.0f-bxa; bya=0.29f; byb=1.0f-bya; bh=20; } //----------------- // Generic threaded Applet plumbing. public void start(){ stopThreadP = false; requestFocus(); if (appletThread == null){ appletThread = new Thread (this); appletThread.start(); } } public void stop(){ stopThreadP = true; if (appletThread != null){ appletThread.stop(); appletThread = null; } } public void destroy(){;} public void update(Graphics g) { paint(g);} public void update(){ paint(this.getGraphics());} public void run(){ while (appletThread != null) { long then = System.currentTimeMillis(); compute(); update(); try{ if (!stopThreadP) { try {Thread.sleep(MIN_SLEEP);} catch(InterruptedException e){} long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); int napTime = (int) (MAX_PLAY_TIME - (now-then)); if (napTime > 0) { try { Thread.sleep(napTime);} catch (InterruptedException e) {} } } else { if (appletThread != null) { appletThread.stop(); appletThread = null; break; } } } catch (Exception e) { break;} } } //----------------- // Imaging and palette plumbing. void prepareImaging(String imageName) { // load in the background image boolean allLoaded = false; if (!allLoaded) { srcImg = getImage (getDocumentBase(),imageName); tracker.addImage (srcImg, 0); try { tracker.waitForAll(); allLoaded = !tracker.isErrorAny(); } catch (InterruptedException e){}; if(!allLoaded){stop();} } // store the image's pixel values for later testing grabber = new PixelGrabber(srcImg,0,0,APP_W,APP_H,false); try { grabber.grabPixels(); } catch (InterruptedException e){;} if ((grabber.status() & ImageObserver.ABORT)!=0){;} srcArray = (byte[])(grabber.getPixels()); loadedSrc = true; grabber = null; // construct an interpolated color palette palr = new byte[NCOL]; palg = new byte[NCOL]; palb = new byte[NCOL]; curr = new byte[NCOL]; curg = new byte[NCOL]; curb = new byte[NCOL]; for (int i=0; i<NCOL; i++){ float fi = (float)i/(float)(NCOL-1); curr[i] = curg[i] = curb[i] = (byte)0; palr[i]=(byte)(BASE+40.0*Math.pow(fi,9.0)); palg[i]=(byte)(BASE+80.0*Math.pow(fi,6.0)); palb[i]=(byte)(BASE+120.0*Math.pow(fi,3.0)); } // create a new image which uses the palette colu = new Color(FF&palr[NCOL-1],FF&palg[NCOL-1],FF&palb[NCOL-1]); pal = new IndexColorModel(NBIT,NCOL,curr,curg,curb); mis = new MemoryImageSource(IW,IH,pal,srcArray,0,IW); mis.setAnimated(false); dstImg = createImage(mis); } //------------------ // Central computation method. synchronized void compute(){ if (loadedSrc){ highlightCountryAtCursor(csrX, csrY); // Update the current palette for (int i=0; i<nCountries; i++){ int vali = highlites[i] = Math.max(0, highlites[i]-PDEC); curr[i]=palr[vali]; curg[i]=palg[vali]; curb[i]=palb[vali]; } // Flash the selected countries int which, nSelected = 0; for (int i=0; i<3; i++){ which = whichSel[i]; if ((which >= 0)&&(which<nCountries)){ curr[which]=curg[which]=(byte)FF; curb[which]=0; nSelected++; } } // Construct the displayed texts: // Fetch and assemble the list of countries ctryStr = ""; nSelectedCountries = nSelected; if (nSelected > 0){ long comProp1 = Long.MAX_VALUE; long comProp2 = Long.MAX_VALUE; for (int i=(nSelected-1);i>=0;i--){ which = whichSel[i]; if ((which>=0)&&(which<nCountries)){ ctryStr += countryNames[which]+((i>0)?", ":" : "); comProp1 &= countryProp1[which]; comProp2 &= countryProp2[which]; iCh[i]=countryNames[which].charAt(0); } } // Assemble the axis string if(doText){ // intersect the properties int nCommonProp1 = 0; int nCommonProp2 = 0; for (int b=0;b<63;b++){ if(((comProp1>>>b)&1)>0){nCommonProp1++;}} for (int b=0;b<nProperties2; b++){if(((comProp2>>>b)&1)>0){nCommonProp2++;}} int nProps = nCommonProp1+nCommonProp2; // Use various grammatical rules to make something sensible axisStr2 = axisStr = ""; if (nSelected == 3){ boolean initial=((iCh[0]==iCh[1])&&(iCh[1]==iCh[2])); if (nProps>0){ axisStr="Axis of "; int prop=0; long common; int bit,strw; boolean wordy=false; for (int b=0;b<nProperties;b++){ common = (b<63)?comProp1:comProp2; bit = (b<63)?b:(b-63); if (((common>>>bit)&1)>0){ String pnb=propNames[b]; if((nProps==1)&&(propAdjs[b]>0)){ axisStr+="the "+pnb; if(initial){axisStr+=letStr+iCh[0];} axisStr+="."; } else { strw=fa.stringWidth(axisStr+pnb); if((++prop)<nProps){ if(wordy||(strw>AXI_W)){ axisStr2+=pnb; if(propVerbs[b]>0){axisStr2+="ing";} axisStr2+=(nProps>2)?", ":" "; wordy=true; } else { axisStr+=pnb; if(propVerbs[b]>0){axisStr+="ing";} axisStr+=(nProps>2)?", ":" "; } } else { if(wordy||(strw>AXI_W)){ axisStr2+=pnb; axisStr2+=(propVerbs[b]>0)?"ers":" countries"; if(initial){axisStr2+=letStr+iCh[0];} axisStr2+="."; wordy=true; } else { axisStr+=pnb; axisStr+=(propVerbs[b]>0)?"ers":" countries"; if(initial){axisStr+=letStr+iCh[0];} axisStr+="."; } } } }/v2/img/enterproject.gif } } else { if(initial){axisStr="Axis of countries"+letStr+iCh[0]+".";} else{axisStr="These countries have not yet registered their Axis.";} } } } doText=false; } // Construct the floating indicator box bw = Math.max(fm.stringWidth(liteStr)+12,24); bx = (int)Math.round(bxf=bxa*bxf+bxb*((csrX>(bw+20))?(csrX-bw-20):(csrX+20))); by = (int)Math.round(byf=bya*byf+byb*(csrY-bh/2)); // Update the world pal = null; pal = new IndexColorModel(NBIT,NCOL,curr,curg,curb); mis = null; mis = new MemoryImageSource(IW,IH,pal,srcArray,0,IW); mis.setAnimated(false); dstImg.flush(); dstImg = null; dstImg = createImage(mis); if(((++iter)%GC_FREQ)==0){System.gc();} filtered = true; } } //----------------- // User interaction methods. public boolean mouseDown (Event evt, int x, int y){ csrX = x; csrY = y; selectCountryAtCursor(x,y); return true;} public boolean mouseMove (Event evt, int x, int y){ csrX = x; csrY = y; highlightCountryAtCursor(x,y); return true;} public boolean mouseDrag (Event evt, int x, int y){ csrX = x; csrY = y; highlightCountryAtCursor(x,y); return true;} void selectCountryAtCursor(int x, int y){ if ((x>=0)&&(x<APP_W)&& (y>=IY)&&(y<APP_H)){ csrIndex = (y-IY)*IW + x; if ((csrIndex < NPELS)&&(csrIndex>=0)){ int ctryID = 0xFF & srcArray[csrIndex]; if ((ctryID >=0) && (ctryID < nCountries)){ if ((ctryID!=whichSel[0])&& (ctryID!=whichSel[1])&& (ctryID!=whichSel[2])){ whichSel[2]=whichSel[1]; whichSel[1]=whichSel[0]; whichSel[0]=(curCtryID = ctryID); } } else { ctryStr = axisStr2 = axisStr = liteStr = ""; if (whichSel[0]>-1){highlites[whichSel[0]]=FF;} if (whichSel[1]>-1){highlites[whichSel[1]]=FF;} if (whichSel[2]>-1){highlites[whichSel[2]]=FF;} whichSel[0]=whichSel[1]=whichSel[2]=-1; } } } } void highlightCountryAtCursor(int x, int y){ doText=true; csrIndex = -1; if ((x>=0)&&(x<APP_W)&& (y>=IY)&&(y<APP_H)){ csrIndex = (y-IY)*IW + x; if ((csrIndex < NPELS)&&(csrIndex>=0)){ int ctryID = 0xFF & srcArray[csrIndex]; if ((ctryID >=0) && (ctryID < nCountries)){ highlites[curCtryID=ctryID] = FF; liteStr = ""+countryNames[curCtryID]; } else { liteStr=""; } } } } //----------------- // Double-buffered rendering; the main drawing method public synchronized void paint(Graphics g) { try { // Get a nice fresh rectangle Graphics gr = displayArea.getGraphics(); gr.setColor(colb); gr.fillRect(0,0, APP_W, IY); gr.setColor(Color.black); if (filtered){ gr.drawImage(dstImg, 0,IY,this);} else { gr.fillRect(0,0, APP_W, APP_H);} gr.drawRect(0,IY-1, IW-1, IH); // Draw the list of countries gr.setFont(ctryFont); gr.setColor(col2); gr.drawString(ctryStr, 11, 22); gr.setColor((nSelectedCountries==3)?Color.yellow:Color.gray); gr.drawString(ctryStr, 10, 21); // Draw the axis string gr.setFont(axisFont); gr.setColor(col2); gr.drawString(axisStr, 11, 38); gr.drawString(axisStr2,11, 54); gr.setColor(Color.yellow); gr.drawString(axisStr, 10, 37); gr.drawString(axisStr2,10, 53); // Draw the floating indicator box if ((liteStr!="")&&(csrY>=IY)){ gr.setColor(colb); gr.fillRect(bx,by,bw,bh); gr.setColor(Color.black); gr.drawRect(bx,by,bw,bh); if ((whichSel[0]==curCtryID)|| (whichSel[1]==curCtryID)|| (whichSel[2]==curCtryID)){ gr.setColor(Color.yellow); } else { gr.setColor(colu);} gr.setFont(liteFont); gr.drawString(liteStr,bx+6,by+bh-5); } // Swap the buffers and blit to screen g.drawImage(displayArea, 0, 0, this); gr.dispose(); } catch (NullPointerException e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); } } //----------------- // The database tables of countries and their properties. static final String countryNames[] = { "United States of America","Canada","Mexico","Guatemala","Cuba","Haiti","Dominican Republic","Belize", "Honduras","Nicaragua","Costa Rica","Panama","Colombia","Venezuela","Guyana","Suriname", "French Guyana","Ecuador","Peru","Bolivia","Chile","Argentina","Uruguay","Andorra", "Paraguay","Brazil","Morocco","Armenia","Mauritania","Senegal","Gambia","Guinea-Bissau", "Guinea","Sierra Leone","Liberia","Cote d'Ivoire","Ghana","Togo","Benin","Nigeria", "Cameroon","Equatorial Guinea","Gabon","Republic of the Congo", "Democratic Republic of Congo","Angola","Namibia","South Africa", "Mozambique","Tanzania","Kenya","Somalia","Ethiopia","Sudan","Egypt","Libya", "Tunisia","Algeria","Mali","Burkina Faso","Niger","Chad","Central African Republic","Uganda", "Rwanda","Burundi","Zambia","Malawi","Zimbabwe","Botswana","Swaziland","Lesotho", "Madagascar","Greece","Albania","Yugoslavia","Italy","Spain","Portugal","France", "United Kingdom","Ireland","Azerbaijan","Belgium","Netherlands","Denmark","Germany","Switzerland", "Austria","Hungary","Czech Republic","Poland","Sweden","Norway","Finland","Romania", "Bulgaria","Turkey","Syria","Israel","Jordan","Iraq","Bahrain","Kuwait", "Saudi Arabia","Belarus","Yemen","Oman","United Arab Emirates","Iran","Afghanistan","Pakistan", "India","Sri Lanka","Nepal","Bosnia and Herzegovina","Bhutan","Bangladesh","Croatia","Cyprus", "Burma","Thailand","Laos","Cambodia","Vietnam","Off-By-One Error","Malaysia","Singapore", "Indonesia","Djibouti","Brunei","El Salvador","Hong Kong","Eritrea","Estonia","Philippines", "Georgia","Papua New Guinea","Australia","Gibraltar","New Zealand","China","North Korea","South Korea", "Mongolia","Japan","Russia","Greenland","Iceland","Kazakhstan","Kyrgyzstan","Latvia", "Lebanon","Liechtenstein","Lithuania","Luxembourg","Macedonia","Moldova", "Monaco","Qatar","Slovak Republic","Slovenia","Taiwan","Tajikistan","Turkmenistan", "Ukraine","Uzbekistan","Antigua and Barbuda","Bahamas","Barbados","Bermuda","Cape Verde", "Dominica","Grenada","Guadeloupe","Guam","Jamaica","Malta","Mauritius","New Caledonia","Palau", "Puerto Rico","Reunion","Seychelles","Trinidad and Tobago" }; static final String letStr = " whose names start with the letter "; // The set of properties a country can have. static final String propNames[] = { "itsy-bitsy","small","huge","densely-populated", "sparsely-populated","long and skinny","peninsular","island-dwell", "landlocked","rainy","arid","cloudy", "earthquake-prone","officially polylingual","officially Anglophone","Portuguese-speak", "politically or territorially dependent","largely illiterate","heavily-indebted and poor","monarchic", "dictatorially autocratic","communist","Slavic","predominantly Muslim", "predominantly Catholic","predominantly Orthodox","predominantly Buddhist","Scandinavian", "Baltic","Mediterranean","South Asian","Southeast Asian", "Sub-Saharan African","Southern African","South American","Central American", "South Pacific","East Asian","Middle Eastern","Central European", "North African","Balkan","former Soviet","China-neighboring", "camel-driv","tiger-roamed","pachyderm-keep","Olympic badminton medal winn", "oil-produc","vodka-export","nuclear-powered","juvenile-offender execut", "tourism-dependent","Olympic judo Silver medal winn","violence-ravaged","pepper-produc", "cricket-play","oil-guzzl","cannabis-cultivat","bug-eat", "least corrupt","insufficiently-reproducing","fermented mare's milk drink","orange-white-and-green flag-wav", "US visa-waiver pilot-program participat","US bullet-buy","ancient pyramid-maintain","hydroelectric", "border-disput","AIDS crisis-stricken","perceived as egregiously corrupt","undersexed", "heavily landmined","person-traffick","shark-infested","Simpsons' travel destination", "former French colony","comparatively depressed","comparatively happy","former Ottoman", "former Sassanid","former Habsburg","former Roman","frequently lightning-struck", "Australopithecus fossil-hous","population-skyrocket","EU","UN Security Council Permanent Member", "G7","Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic member" }; int nSelectedCountries = 0; static final int nCountries = countryNames.length; static final int nProperties = propNames.length; static final int nProperties2 = nProperties-63; // Codes for the syntactic combination of properties: // which properties are verbs, adjectives, etc. static final int propVerbs[] = { 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,1, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,1, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 1,0,1,1, 1,1,0,1, 0,1,0,1, 1,1,1,1, 0,0,1,1, 1,1,1,0, 1,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 1,1,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,1}; static final int propAdjs[] = { 1,1,1,1, 1,1,0,0, 1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,0, 1,1,1,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,1,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 1,1,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,1, 1,0,1,0, 0,1,1,0, 0,0,0,1, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0}; // Binary property subscriptions, per country, // represented compactly as decimal Longs. // We have more property descriptors than bits in a Long, // so we split the property annotations across two arrays. static final long countryProp1[] = { 481603685151961092L,1668302186964082692L,907193884314963968L,869476237435731968L, 9288674250326176L,4503599644160128L,4785074620858496L,293296960109035522L, 864691162831917056L,576460786680205568L,292734010155602432L,4785108980597248L, 883549969091400192L,576742244476780544L,864691145635282944L,576742244460003344L, 288230393348424192L,576742244476787200L,576742244476792832L,576742244477042944L, 576742244476784672L,74027936071553024L,17196646400L,148618787720012033L, 882705544161263872L,875668669743530500L,329062940018218016L,2613798624001265920L, 18691706455056L,288318341385691648L,4521191822213666L,18084767254086144L, 18084767262318592L,18084771557294592L,18084767253938688L,288582219872862208L, 288582224167845888L,70373039415328L,281479272071200L,110690038886457344L, 576812600320614912L,351848033681410L,576812600319279104L,576812600319549440L, 883057374981791744L,594827003124023296L,648606315861525520L,938789424664174592L, 882775904299024384L,648588719380758528L,941604170136576000L,18102359448380416L, 18103458951753984L,18384933937742848L,49840037998629888L,300167220691984L, 40832563865977856L,54343362748093440L,89060450510080L,70373039546624L, 89060450641152L,18103458951603456L,576531125342839040L,666603117890257152L, 18084771566215426L,18014402821497090L,576531129637814528L,576531129637822720L, 666603122184962304L,576531129637560592L,70377334661378L,4503608217854210L, 869194736672710784L,185492010222751808L,283674008358912L,2342718430223798272L, 266556803498651712L,195625109368086528L,149463212650172416L,231653906386518016L, 1235956622737041536L,217017207060719744L,306548239878849536L,155092712184883202L, 1407093408577103872L,1369938711785515008L,227150855961313280L,1307451266821005568L, 5348574330093824L,2352849880096964864L,2307813883810676992L,9852173961658368L, 1299007017654421504L,1297881117747587168L,1298725542677194752L,2343842131103191040L, 2352851529385381888L,36310272540938304L,299342585922560L,99660009356420098L, 5084416653657088L,299342050239488L,4802666799039627L,299067171667970L, 146666329939117056L,2594922208379797760L,2551141862999040L,299342049575936L, 72356936087502848L,2551141862740992L,4917948385283028224L,75743158097572864L, 938850989799141376L,94645960986067072L,364905920100573472L,18016597536944128L, 114350350663938L,72444623213166600L,22801672157802496L,22517998707290242L, 18410225985131008L,869581758390599680L,292848327205323552L,869300283413889024L, 576856578706377248L,0L,649046114070692352L,1225260575836102793L, 905751292838679168L,18691706065922L,281477133131779L,288793360481652738L, 76569989758402561L,18033090207170560L,2306691832458772480L,288511853292712064L, 2599425808002985984L,653303491812946560L,1946417124859724948L,76561193682157569L, 1374442379997638784L,614723894391083012L,325592883920896L,767160186463850560L, 4621282555981725968L,767582398996545664L,2605099288006494212L,75920L, 1302103242397718672L,4900774013648769280L,4900211063703732480L,2306410357482061824L, 18032266118702082L,4503599644672257L,2307818282138206208L,1153484454577578241L, 36030996079972610L,288797724185198848L,4503600181542921L,299342049576002L, 1970874613760256L,1128098951081984L,145522700465475720L,4918225462213214464L, 4611989483645043712L,2596048108286640128L,4621559632854254848L,4503599627911297L, 4785074604097664L,581245826907521161L,76561193665380481L,45185L, 2594073385382199425L,2598576985010094209L,4503599644213377L,4503599644237953L, 869757678035943554L,4503600181043337L,869194736672456841L,68736319616L, 4503601774878849L,4785074620948608L,8606777473L,4503599644172417L, 3175882179406217345L }; static final long countryProp2[] = { 117479460L,33558580L,268437516L,60L,67108864L,8224L,4L,134217764L, 4194364L,164L,4194356L,536870932L,1048628L,4227120L,36L,48L, 4202528L,148L,536870932L,134217892L,36L,36L,22L,524294L, 537919504L,134223892L,336077344L,82976L,335552512L,67117056L,67108864L,68157440L, 68165680L,68157440L,67108864L,71311489L,68157456L,68165632L,201334800L,67109024L, 67117296L,67108896L,67117104L,68165680L,68157488L,528L,84L,2099300L, 268438096L,2103472L,6291696L,4196384L,2097712L,1115184L,590376L,4784160L, 598016L,598048L,268443664L,134225920L,8225L,2105344L,8272L,1048752L, 48L,134225936L,80L,268435552L,4194884L,134217792L,96L,64L, 269492272L,76088356L,589840L,524320L,109576198L,76283942L,545783814L,126357542L, 59248678L,8421415L,131232L,143130630L,76316678L,8421414L,41943046L,524310L, 9175062L,852004L,262180L,603979780L,8421382L,67108918L,8388614L,67960832L, 134758404L,590884L,4718624L,4784164L,4718596L,4390944L,134218752L,196612L, 4262916L,134235136L,0L,4194304L,4195364L,4326432L,132624L,538050720L, 289L,16L,16L,135071248L,134217744L,134217888L,786996L,589856L, 134218784L,1049124L,8208L,1058336L,1057328L,0L,269484064L,1048614L, 1049760L,10240L,134217762L,2060L,2304L,544L,0L,536870948L, 606224L,536872960L,38918L,524288L,22L,16777512L,48L,67108896L, 268435456L,100669734L,16794784L,16L,32822L,32L,1072L,16L, 599044L,524322L,32L,8912914L,269025280L,268517408L,268959746L,4195328L, 262144L,786470L,288L,1072L,131105L,82048L,0L,0L, 134217732L,134217732L,134217728L,67108864L,8208L,0L,8192L,0L, 4L,268959744L,268443680L,10244L,536870912L,32768L,8192L,8224L,4L }; } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Databases referenced in this project: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/EIdirect/climate/EIsp0007.htm http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/EIdirect/climate/EIsp0056.htm http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/EIdirect/climate/EIsp0009.htm http://www.ethnologue.com/country_index.asp?place=all http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=POR http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/mi_results.asp?row_ID=656&fID=r5 http://www.worldbank.org/hipc/about/map/map.html http://www.panda.org/species/tiger/distribution.cfm http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/results/search_r_uk.asp http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/tableg2.html http://www.ivodka.com/vodka-by-country.html http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/figure_62.html http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/juvchar.html http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/results/search_r_uk.asp http://www.hotnsaucey.com/countries.html http://www.cricket.org/link_to_database/NATIONAL/ICC/ http://www.bp.com/centres/energy2002/oil/consumption.asp# http://www.food-insects.com/book7_31/ http://www.transparency.org/cpi/2001/cpi2001.html#cpi http://138.251.140.21/~josh/flags/alpha.html http://www.foreignborn.com/visas_imm/other_visas/11pilot_program.htm http://www.unaids.org/barcelona/presskit/barcelona%20report/table.html http://www.boston.com/news/daily/27/sex_chart.htm http://www.landmines.org/glc/index-glc.asp http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2002/10678.htm http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Sharks/statistics/GAttack/World.htm http://www.snpp.com/episodeguide.html http://www.eur.nl/fsw/research/happiness http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/map21-ot.html http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/map20per.htm http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/map19rm.htm http://faculty.vassar.edu/piketay/evolution/SiteMap.html http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/20c-pop3.htm http://www.fao.org/fi/body/rfb/cecaf/cecaf_mapandmem.htm "In the Line of Fire," National Geographic, August 2002 */
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